Han Y, Gao S, Muegge K, Zhang W, Zhou B. (2015) Advanced Applications of RNA Sequencing and Challenges. Bioinform Biol Insights 9(Suppl 1):29-46. [article]
在將RNAseq 定序出來的reads經過preprocessing後,接下來的步驟便是要將其組成的contigs對應到參考序列上,如何將短片段的序列對應到正確的位置一直以來都是生物資訊領域重要的問題!目前已經有很多不錯的軟體能處理這類問題,像是ELAND、SOAP、SOAP2、MAQ、Bowtie、BWA、ZOOM、STAR。這裡有一篇比較這些工具的論文可以參考看看。
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這些工具在處理一般序列區域的功能都相當不錯,但遇到像是poly(A) tail或是exon-intron splicing junction就必須要針對splicing處理的工具像是BLAT、TopHat、GEM、MapSplice。
在對應回參考序列另一個問題就是序列的polymorphism,這會造成multiple-aligned reads的問題,在較短的reads於序列重複性較高的區域這問題會更嚴重,而在一些重複性較小的reads上,可以利用附近的reads來解決這類型的問題。
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另一種解決方式就是將paired-end reads 延升成200-500bp的長度,在進行mapping。
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